ORDER OF REACTION, Chemical Kinetics Free PDF Note, Pharmacy Free PDF Book

 

ORDER OF REACTION

  1. Zero Order Reaction
  2. Half Life and Shelf Life
  3. Apparent Zero Order Reaction 
  4. Solid State Decomposition 
  5. First Order Reaction 
  6. Pseudo First Order Reaction
  7. Second Order Reaction 




Order of a reaction is defined as the number of concentration terms on which the rate of a reaction depends when determined experimen tally.


The order of reaction is established with respect to each reactant. This can be verified by plotting log concentration of a reactant on y axis and time on x axis. If a straight line is obtained, then the order will be *one' with respect to that reactant. The overall order of a reaction is equal to the powers of the concentration terms affecting the experimen tally determined rate. In contrast to molecularity, it is possible for the order to assume fractional or zero values.


The orders that are common in pharmacy are zero, first, pseudo first and second orders. These topics will be discussed in detail in the subsequent sections.


Why does the same reaction have a different molecularity and order? The following are the reasons:


(a) One of the reactants may be present in such large excess that there is no measurable change in its concentration during the course of reaction.


(b) If one of the reactants is acting as a catalyst, its concentration does not change as the reaction proceeds.


(c) When a reaction has several steps, it is possible that one of the steps proceeds slower than the rest. The step that proceeds slower will be a difficult step to achieve in the overall reaction. In this event, rate of the reaction depends on those steps that preceed the slowest step.



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